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Bio-ethanol & fuel.

Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a bio fuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. Because it is cheap, easy to manufacture and process, and can be made from very common materials, it is steadily becoming a promising alternative to gasoline. There were several important reason why Brazil decided to develop alternative energy. Stimulating rural economic development and in addition security. Cutting oil imports, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and creating jobs in rural communities are the positive result of it. First the hard currencies saved needed to buy oil. Secondly; the dependence on others for there fuel. Producing your own fuel even if it cost more than the imported ones is in fact cheaper if you do take into account the other activities created as result. Work and money, money should circulate. It is like the air in a tyre, when you let the air out you get a flat.

Strategic considerations

The incentive for finding an alternative to petroleum is now very important due to price increases. Another; the fact is that there has been no real shortage in the supply of oil, only a possible one in the future, but despite this fact the customers confronted with a huge price explosion. This cartel consisting of some oil producing countries, oil companies/lobbyists and speculators managed to let the price explode and take the other part of the world hostage. Not terrorists but certain governments, multinationals and others. Some producers/suppliers of oil became even arrogant, started to bully there customers, introducing a fear factor. (Power Politics)

Another fact; that for some time to come, drilling a hole and pumping oil can be done in a cheaper way than alternative productions. One solution could be to let these countries and companies pay for the damage (climate) as result of the use  and transfer this money to the alternative fuel sector.

 Production of ethanol from cellulose is nearly cost-effectively.

Cellulose is the most abundant naturally-occurring organic compound on earth and its efficient conversion to renewable energy would represent an important breakthrough. Still the price of crude has to rice more to make it viable and the amount of money needed to invest is large.

The research concentrating on;, acid hydrolysis, hybrid hydrolysis/enzymatic,  thermo chemical and a variety of other approaches. Ethanol made from cellulose is attractive because of nearly inexhaustible resources available. Cellulose is found in all plant matter. Corn stover and switch grass could be converted to ethanol for a long time but new technologies are being developed to process a number of other  material , including dedicated energy crops like hybrid poplars, willow, miscanthus, sorghum.  

 "Waste" biomass; like sugarcane bagasse (Brazil), rice hulls, orchard pruning, wheat straw, and forest thinning. However, many of the mentioned materials can be used directly to produce heat and generate electricity and are also valuable in that respect, the added value therefore limited

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